Aerobic activity reducing depression in school-age children: a multiple mediation effects analysis based on five dimensions of psychosocial functioning / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of aerobic capacity on depression in school-age children, and the multiple mediators of the five dimensions of psychosocial functioning (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity) between aerobic capacity and depression. MethodsFrom October to December, 2021, pupils of Grade two to Grade five from two primary schools were chester-sampled and investigated using 20-meter multistage shuttle run test, Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, Self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. ResultsA total of 391 pupils underwent 20-meter multistage shuttle run test, and 312 out of them answering the questionnaires, and 294 questionnaires were valid. Aerobic capacity, depression, emotional symptoms, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity were significantly correlated with each other (|r| > 0.127, P < 0.05) (except aerobic capacity and peer problems, and emotional symptoms and prosocial behavior). The results of the multiple mediation effect model showed that aerobic capacity could directly and negatively predict depression, and the mediating effects of emotional symptoms, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity were significant, accounting for 34.37%, 12.54%, 34.06% and 17.80% of the total mediating effect, respectively. ConclusionThe aerobic capacity could not only directly affect depression of school-age children, but also improve their psychosocial functioning by reducing emotional symptoms, peer problems and hyperactivity, and increasing prosocial behavior, to indirectly affect their depression.

Comparison of physical fitness in male and female medical students

Background: Students entering medical college find it difficult to cope with the burden of studies and go into depression. They cannot maintain their study habits as before due to extreme tiredness and fatigue following their regular classes. Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the physical fitness status of male and female medical students. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 students, 35 male and 35 female, were selected randomly from the first two phases of this college. Their age, height, weight, and BMI were recorded. Their resting pulse rate was recorded after 15 min of resting. Then, each was made to undergo the Modified Harvard Step Test for 5 min or till exertion. Then, their immediate post-exercise pulse rate was recorded. VO2max was calculated and compared to find the physically fit group. Results: We found from the study that female students were similar to males in age, weight, and resting pulse rate. The height and maximum pulse rate post-exercise are more in males and BMI more in females and VO2max was found more in males. Conclusion: The male students are more physically fit than females and can cope with the different strenuous situations better than females. Females need to do regular exercise to increase their fitness.

Cambio estacional en el rendimiento aeróbico de jugadores jóvenes de fútbol / Seasonal changes in the aerobic performance of young soccer players

Resumen Diker, G., Zileli, R., Özkamçı, H y Ön, S. (2021). Cambio estacional en el rendimiento aeróbico de jugadores jóvenes de fútbol. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-16. Los estudios longitudinales que evalúan el cambio estacional en la capacidad aeróbica de los jugadores de fútbol jóvenes de diferentes categorías de edad son limitados. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los cambios estacionales del nivel aeróbico de los jugadores de la academia juvenil de un equipo de fútbol profesional. Esta investigación se realizó con un total de 51 futbolistas de las categorías U14, U15, U16, U17 y U18 de un equipo de fútbol de élite. Las capacidades aeróbicas de los atletas se midieron mediante la prueba Yo-YoIRT 1. En los análisis, las evaluaciones de distribución normal de los datos se realizaron con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y las homogeneidades de varianza se probaron con la prueba de Levene. Se utilizó la prueba ANOVA de una vía para analizar todos los datos paramétricos; todas las evaluaciones estadísticas se realizaron con la ayuda del programa SPSS 21. De acuerdo con la prueba Yo-YoIRT 1, se determinaron aumentos y/o disminuciones en las evaluaciones de pretemporada, mitad de temporada y final de temporada. Como resultado, los sujetos de todas las categorías aumentaron significativamente al final de la temporada en comparación con la pretemporada y la temporada media. Los grupos de edad U14 y U16 lograron una aceleración creciente a partir de la pretemporada. Sin embargo, en los grupos de edad U15, U17, U18, la aceleración disminuye en la mitad de la temporada y aumenta al final de la temporada. Se cree que se pueden observar diferencias en las respuestas a las cargas de entrenamiento durante el crecimiento y la maduración. Se puede sugerir que el incremento al final de la temporada respecto a la pretemporada, en todos los grupos, puede deberse a que la adaptación de los deportistas a los programas de entrenamiento se ve afectada por las características del desarrollo en cuanto a las categorías de edad a lo largo del tiempo.

Abstract Diker, G., Zileli, R., Özkamçı, H & Ön, S. (2021). Seasonal changes in the aerobic performance of young soccer players. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-16. Longitudinal studies evaluating seasonal changes in the aerobic capacity of young soccer players of different age categories are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in the aerobic level of young professional soccer players. This research study included 51 soccer players in the U14, U15, U16, U17, and U18 categories of an elite soccer team. Aerobic capacity in athletes was measured using the Yo-YoIRT 1 Test. In the analyses, normal distribution of data was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homogeneity of variance was tested with the Levene's Test. A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze parametric data. All statistical evaluations were conducted with the help of the SPSS 21 software package. According to the Yo-YoIRT 1 test, increases or decreases were determined in the pre-season, mid-season, and end-of-season evaluations. As a result, in the present study conducted to examine the seasonal changes of the young elite soccer players in the U14, U15, U16, U17, and U18 categories, Yo-YoIRT 1 values in all categories increased significantly at the end of the season when compared to the pre-season and the mid-season. U14 and U16 age groups gained increasing acceleration since the pre-season. However, in U15, U17, and U18 age groups, acceleration decreased in the middle of the season and increased at the end of the season. Differences may be observed in the responses to the training loads during maturation. It can be suggested that the increase at the end of the season compared to the pre-season in all groups may be due to the athletes' adaptation to training programs is affected by the developmental characteristics regarding age categories over time.

Resumo Diker, G., Zileli, R., Özkamçı, H e Ön, S. (2021). Alteração da temporada no desempenho aeróbico de jogadores juvenis de futebol. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-16. Os estudos longitudinais que avaliam a alteração da temporada na capacidade aeróbica dos jogadores juvenis de futebol de diferentes categorias de idade são limitados. Este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar as alterações da temporada no desempenho aeróbico dos jogadores da academia juvenil de uma equipe de futebol profissional. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com um total de 51 jogadores de futebol das categorias U14, U15, U16, U17 e U18 de uma equipe de futebol de elite. As capacidades aeróbicas dos atletas foram medidas por meio do teste Yo-YoIRT1. Nas análises, as avaliações de distribuição normal dos dados foram realizadas com o teste de Shapiro-Wilk e as homogeneidades de variância foram aprovadas com o teste de Levene. Foi utilizado o teste ANOVA de uma via para analisar todos os dados paramétricos; todas as avaliações estatísticas foram realizadas com a ajuda do programa SPSS 21. De acordo com o teste Yo-YoIRT1, foram determinados aumentos e/ou reduções nas avaliações de pré-temporada, meio de temporada e final de temporada. Como resultado, os sujeitos de todas as categorias aumentaram significativamente no final da temporada em comparação com a pré-temporada e meados da temporada. Os grupos de idade U14 e U16 conseguiram uma aceleração crescente a partir da pré-temporada. Porém, nos grupos de idade U15, U17, U18, a aceleração diminui no meio da temporada e aumenta no final da temporada. Acredita-se que possam ser observadas diferenças nas respostas às cargas de treinamento durante o crescimento e a maturação. É possível sugerir que o aumento no final da temporada em relação à pré-temporada, em todos os grupos, deve-se ao fato de que a adaptação dos esportistas aos programas de treinamento se vê afetada pelas características do desenvolvimento no que diz respeito às categorias de idade ao longo do tempo.

Propuesta de test para evaluar la capacidad aeróbica en triatletas juveniles / Proposta de um teste para avaliar a capacidade aeróbica em triatletas juvenis / Test proposal to evaluate the aerobic capacity in youth triathletes

RESUMEN El deporte actual motiva la búsqueda de nuevas soluciones que permitan al atleta responder a altas exigencias físicas dentro de un deporte sostenible. Una solución es la búsqueda de pruebas para el control del rendimiento. El objetivo consistió en proponer un test de campo para la evaluación de la capacidad aeróbica y realizar un triatlón con valores inferiores en cuanto a distancia y duración respecto al triatlón sprint. Este estudio presenta una propuesta de test de campo para la evaluación de la capacidad aeróbica, realizando triatlones con distancias inferiores. La distancia se determinó mediante un estudio práctico de la actividad competitiva. La validación de los test fue aplicado a 12 atletas de la categoría juvenil, con una edad promedio de 16, 3 años (± 1,3). La validez de contenido se comprobó mediante el criterio de 12 especialistas que afirmaron que este representa de manera adecuada la capacidad aeróbica. La confiabilidad y la concordancia se comprobaron mediante la prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon, con una significación asintótica de 0,574. Por el criterio de equivalencia, se monitorizó la prueba mediante la comparación de valores de frecuencia cardíaca del test con los de un triatlón sprint simulado. Para la validez contrastada, se compararon los resultados de los triatletas con los de cinco nadadores, tres ciclistas y dos corredores de fondo. Los tiempos del test fueron inferiores en los triatletas, lo que confirmó que es específico para triatletas.

RESUMO O esporte de hoje motiva a busca de novas soluções que permitam ao atleta atender a altas exigências físicas dentro de um esporte sustentável. Uma solução é a busca de testes de monitoramento de rendimento. O objetivo era propor um teste de campo para a avaliação da capacidade aeróbica e realizar um triatlo com valores mais baixos em termos de distância e duração do que um triatlo de sprint. Este estudo apresenta uma proposta de teste de campo para a avaliação da capacidade aeróbica, realizando triatlos com distâncias mais curtas. A distância foi determinada por um estudo prático da atividade competitiva. A validação dos testes foi aplicada a 12 atletas da categoria jovem, com idade média de 16,3 anos (± 1,3). A validez do conteúdo foi verificada pelos critérios de 12 especialistas que afirmaram que ele representa adequadamente a capacidade aeróbica. A confiabilidade e a concordância foram testadas por Wilcoxon rank test, com um significado assimptótico de 0,574. Para o critério de equivalência, o teste foi monitorado pela comparação dos valores de frequência cardíaca do teste com os de um triatlo de sprint simulado. Para a validade do teste, os resultados dos triatletas foram comparados com os de cinco nadadores, três ciclistas e dois corredores de longa distância. Os tempos de teste foram menores nos triatletas, confirmando que é específico para os triatletas.

ABSTRACTS Today's sport motivates the search for new solutions that allow the athlete to respond to high physical demands within a sustainable sport. One solution is to search for tests for performance monitoring. The aim of this study is to propose a field test for the evaluation of aerobic capacity, carrying out a triathlon with lower values in terms of distance and duration with respect to the sprint triathlon. The study presents a field test proposal for the evaluation of aerobic capacity performing triathlons with shorter distances. The distance was determined through a practical study of competitive activity. In the validation, the test was applied to 12 athletes of the youth category with an average age of 16.3 years (± 1,3). The content validity was verified using the criteria of 12 specialists who stated that it adequately represents the aerobic capacity. Reliability and concordance were checked using the Wilcoxon rank test where asymptotic significance was 0.574. By the equivalence criterion, the test was monitored by comparing heart rate values with those of a simulated sprint triathlon. For the contrasted validity, the results of the triathletes were compared with those of five swimmers, three cyclists and two long-distance runners. The test times were lower in the triathletes, confirming that the test is specific for triathletes.

Use of external nasal strip influences alveolar cell population of horses after exercise / Uso de fita nasal influencia a população de células alveolares em equinos após exercício

The nasal strip is widely used in horses during exercise, but effects of using a nasal strip are controversial and little is known about its effect on horses undergoing endurance events. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of nasal strips influences alveolar cell population assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), tidal volume, and nasal airflow rate. Six Arabian horses were subjected to two low intensity tests on a treadmill, with and without application of a commercial external nasal strip. Tidal volumes and airflow rates were measured during the test; two hours after the test, BAL was performed to assess cytology of pulmonary secretions. The lavage fluid showed increased neutrophil count after exercise in animals with the nasal strip (P<0.05). This suggests that turbulence of airflow through the nasal cavity may have diminished with nasal strip use, thus allowing larger particles to be deposited more distally in the respiratory system, inducing a more intense neutrophilic response. No differences in tidal volumes or airflow rates were observed between groups (with or without nasal strips) during the test (P>0.05). The use of nasal strips seems to influence alveolar cell population during and after exercise in horses after low intensity exercise tests. Further studies are needed to verify whether alveolar cell population is related to poor exercise performance in horses.(AU)

A fita nasal é amplamente utilizada em equinos durante o exercício, porém seus resultados são controversos e pouco conhecidos em animais que disputam provas de resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se o uso da fita nasal influencia a população de células alveolares por meio de lavado broncoalveolar, volume corrente e fluxo de ar nasal. Foram utilizados seis equinos da raça Árabe, que realizaram dois testes de longa duração em esteira, sendo um teste com a fita e outro sem a fita nasal. Fluxo e volume respiratório foram mensurados durante o teste; duas horas após o término do exercício, foi realizado lavado broncoalveolar para realização de citologia da secreção pulmonar. Foi verificada maior porcentagem de neutrófilos após o exercício nos animais que se exercitaram com a fita nasal (P<0,05), indicando que o turbilhonamento na passagem do ar através da cavidade nasal pode ter diminuído, permitindo que partículas maiores se depositassem em porções mais distais do sistema respiratório, induzindo uma resposta neutrofílica mais intensa. Não houve diferenças entre os parâmetros ventilatórios analisados entre os animais quando correram com ou sem a fita nasal (P>0,05). O uso da fita nasal parece influenciar alguns parâmetros, durante e após o exercício, em animais que realizam provas de longa duração. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para verificar se essa influência pode melhorar o desempenho desses animais em exercícios predominantemente aeróbicos.(AU)

Exercise Training Improved Pulmonary Gas Exchange Abnormalities in Pulmonary Hypertension due to Heart Failure: A Case Report

Abstract Heart failure (HF) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and reduced exercise capacity and exertional dyspnea are the most frequent concerns in patients with PH-HF. Indeed, carbon dioxide end-tidal partial pressure (PETCO 2 ) during exercise is a well-established noninvasive marker of ventilation/perfusion ratio in PH. We aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training on PETCO 2 response during exercise in a 59-year-old woman with PH secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The patient with chronic fatigue and dyspnea at mild-to-moderate efforts was admitted to a cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program and had her cardiorespiratory response to exercise assessed during a cardiopulmonary exercise testing performed before and after three months of a thrice-weekly aerobic exercise training program. Improvements in aerobic capacity (23.9%) and endurance time (37.5%) and reduction in ventilatory inefficiency (-20.2%) was found after intervention. Post-intervention improvements in PETCO 2 at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (23.3%) and change in PETCO 2 kinetics pattern, with progressive increases from rest to peak of exercise, were also found. Patient also improved breathing pattern and timing of ventilation. This case report demonstrated for the first time that aerobic exercise training might be able to improve PETCO 2 response during exercise in a patient with PH-HF.

Seasonal changes in the aerobic performance of young soccer players / Cambio estacional en el rendimiento aeróbico de jugadores de fútbol jóvenes

Abstract Diker, G., Zileli, R., Özkamçı, H & Ön, S. (2021). Seasonal changes in the aerobic performance of young soccer players. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-16. Longitudinal studies evaluating seasonal changes in the aerobic capacity of young soccer players of different age categories are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in the aerobic level of young professional soccer players. This research study included 51 soccer players in the U14, U15, U16, U17, and U18 categories of an elite soccer team. Aerobic capacity in athletes was measured using the Yo-YoIRT 1 Test. In the analyses, normal distribution of data was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homogeneity of variance was tested with the Levene's Test. A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze parametric data. All statistical evaluations were conducted with the help of the SPSS 21 software package. According to the Yo-YoIRT 1 test, increases or decreases were determined in the pre-season, mid-season, and end-of-season evaluations. As a result, in the present study conducted to examine the seasonal changes of the young elite soccer players in the U14, U15, U16, U17, and U18 categories, Yo-YoIRT 1 values in all categories increased significantly at the end of the season when compared to the pre-season and the mid-season. U14 and U16 age groups gained increasing acceleration since the pre-season. However, in U15, U17, and U18 age groups, acceleration decreased in the middle of the season and increased at the end of the season. Differences may be observed in the responses to the training loads during maturation. It can be suggested that the increase at the end of the season compared to the pre-season in all groups may be due to the athletes' adaptation to training programs is affected by the developmental characteristics regarding age categories over time.

Resumen Diker, G., Zileli, R., Özkamçı, H y Ön, S. (2021). Cambio estacional en el rendimiento aeróbico de jugadores de fútbol jóvenes. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-16. Los estudios longitudinales que evalúan el cambio estacional en la capacidad aeróbica de los jugadores de fútbol jóvenes de diferentes categorías de edad son limitados. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los cambios estacionales del nivel aeróbico de los jugadores de la academia juvenil de un equipo de fútbol profesional. Esta investigación se realizó con un total de 51 futbolistas de las categorías U14, U15, U16, U17 y U18 de un equipo de fútbol de élite. Las capacidades aeróbicas de los atletas se midieron mediante la prueba Yo-YoIRT 1. En los análisis, las evaluaciones de distribución normal de los datos se realizaron con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y las homogeneidades de varianza se probaron con la prueba de Levene. Se utilizó la prueba ANOVA de una vía para analizar todos los datos paramétricos; todas las evaluaciones estadísticas se realizaron con la ayuda del programa SPSS 21. De acuerdo con la prueba Yo YoIRT 1, se determinaron aumentos y/o disminuciones en las evaluaciones de pretemporada, mitad de temporada y final de temporada. Como resultado, los sujetos de todas las categorías aumentaron significativamente al final de la temporada en comparación con la pretemporada y la temporada media. Los grupos de edad U14 y U16 lograron una aceleración creciente a partir de la pretemporada. Sin embargo, en los grupos de edad U15, U17, U18, la aceleración disminuye en la mitad de la temporada y aumenta al final de la temporada. Se cree que se pueden observar diferencias en las respuestas a las cargas de entrenamiento durante el crecimiento y la maduración. Se puede sugerir que el incremento al final de la temporada respecto a la pretemporada, en todos los grupos, puede deberse a que la adaptación de los deportistas a los programas de entrenamiento se ve afectada por las características del desarrollo en cuanto a las categorías de edad a lo largo del tiempo.

Resumo Diker, G., Zileli, R., Özkamçı, H e Ön, S. (2021). Alteração da temporada no desempenho aeróbico de jogadores juvenis de futebol. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-16. Os estudos longitudinais que avaliam a alteração da temporada na capacidade aeróbica dos jogadores juvenis de futebol de diferentes categorias de idade são limitados. Este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar as alterações da temporada no desempenho aeróbico dos jogadores da academia juvenil de uma equipe de futebol profissional. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com um total de 51 jogadores de futebol das categorias U14, U15, U16, U17 e U18 de uma equipe de futebol de elite. As capacidades aeróbicas dos atletas foram medidas por meio do teste Yo-YoIRT1. Nas análises, as avaliações de distribuição normal dos dados foram realizadas com o teste de Shapiro-Wilk e as homogeneidades de variância foram aprovadas com o teste de Levene. Foi utilizado o teste ANOVA de uma via para analisar todos os dados paramétricos; todas as avaliações estatísticas foram realizadas com a ajuda do programa SPSS 21. De acordo com o teste Yo-YoIRT1, foram determinados aumentos e/ou reduções nas avaliações de pré- temporada, meio de temporada e final de temporada. Como resultado, os sujeitos de todas as categorias aumentaram significativamente no final da temporada em comparação com a pré- temporada e meados da temporada. Os grupos de idade U14 e U16 conseguiram uma aceleração crescente a partir da pré-temporada. Porém, nos grupos de idade U15, U17, U18, a aceleração diminui no meio da temporada e aumenta no final da temporada. Acredita-se que possam ser observadas diferenças nas respostas às cargas de treinamento durante o crescimento e a maturação. É possível sugerir que o aumento no final da temporada em relação à pré-temporada, em todos os grupos, deve-se ao fato de que a adaptação dos esportistas aos programas de treinamento se vê afetada pelas características do desenvolvimento no que diz respeito às categorias de idade ao longo do tempo.

Increased modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Takayasu arteritis: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (MCRFs), such as those related to aerobic capacity, muscle strength, physical activity, and body composition, have been poorly studied in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate MCRFs and their relationships with disease status and comorbidities among patients with TAK. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between 2019 and 2020, in which 20 adult women with TAK were compared with 16 healthy controls matched by gender, age, and body mass index. The following parameters were analyzed: aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary test; muscle function by timed-stands test, timed up-and-go test, and handgrip test; muscle strength by one-repetition maximum test and handgrip test; body composition by densitometry; physical activity and metabolic equivalent by IPAQ, quality of life by HAQ and SF-36; disease activity by ITAS2010 and NIH score; and presence of comorbidities. Results: Patients with TAK had a mean age of 41.5 (38.0-46.3) years, disease duration of 16.0 (9.5-20.0) years, and a mean BMI of 27.7±4.5 kg/m2. Three out of the 20 patients with TAK had active disease. Regarding comorbidities, 16 patients had systemic arterial hypertension, 11 had dyslipidemia, and two had type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the control group had no comorbidities. TAK had a significant reduction in aerobic capacity (absolute and relative VO2 peak), muscle strength in the lower limbs, increased visceral adipose tissue, waist-to-hip ratio, reduced walking capacity, decreased weekly metabolic equivalent, and quality of life (P< 0.05) as compared to controls. However, there were no correlations between these MCRFs parameters and disease activity. Conclusions: TAK show impairment in MCRFs; therefore, strategies able to improve MCRF should be considered in this disease.(AU)

Efectos del entrenamiento por intervalos vs entrenamiento continuo sobre capacidad aeróbica en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias / Effects of interval training vs of interval training vs continuous training on aerobic capacity in patients with coronary artery disease

Resumen El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar la influencia del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) con el entrenamiento continuo de moderada intensidad (MICT) sobre la capacidad aeróbica y otras variables relevantes en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC). Realizamos una revisión de estudios sistemáticos y metaanálisis en PubMed hasta el 04 de junio de 2019. Se identificaron un total de 22 artículos, de los cuales 6 se seleccionaron finalmente para esta revisión. La calidad metodológica se evaluó utilizando la herramienta 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2). Todos los estudios analizaron los efectos del HIIT y MICT en pacientes adultos (rango edad media: 52-76 años). La calidad general de los estudios incluidos fue moderada-alta (AMSTAR-2). El HIIT presentó mayores mejorías sobre el consumo de oxígeno pico y la frecuencia cardíaca pico en comparación al MICT. Esta revisión agrega evidencia adicional que el HIIT presenta mejoras clínicamente significativas sobre la capacidad aeróbica en comparación al MICT. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan establecer conclusiones consistentes de los efectos del HIIT y MICT sobre otras variables relevantes.

Abstract The aim of this review was to compare the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aerobic capacity and other relevant variables in patients with coronary artery disease (EAC). We reviewed the systematic studies and meta-analysis in PubMed up to June 4th, 2019. A total of 22 articles were identified, of which 6 were selected for this review. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. The studies selected analyzed HIIT and MICT effects in adult patients (average ages ranging between 52-76). The overall quality of the included studies was moderate-high (AMSTAR-2). HIIT showed greater improvements over peak oxygen consumption and peak heart rate compared to MICT. This review adds further evidence that HIIT presents clinically significant improvements in aerobic capacity compared to MICT. Further studies are needed to establish consistent conclusions about the effects of HIIT and MICT on other relevant variables.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão foi comparar a influência do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) com o treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT) na capacidade aeróbica e em outras variáveis relevantes em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Realizamos uma revisão de estudos sistemáticos e metanálise no PubMed até 4 de junho de 2019. Foram identificados 22 artigos, dos quais 6 foram finalmente selecionados para esta revisão. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada usando a ferramenta 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2). Todos os estudos analisaram os efeitos de HIIT e MICT em pacientes adultos (faixa etária: 52-76 anos). A qualidade geral dos estudos incluídos foi moderadamente alta (AMSTAR-2). O HIIT mostrou uma maior melhora no pico de consumo de oxigênio e no pico de frequência cardíaca em comparação com o MICT. Esta revisão aporta evidências de que o HIIT apresenta melhorias clinicamente significativas na capacidade aeróbica em comparação com o MICT. Mais estudos são necessários para estabelecer conclusões consistentes dos efeitos do HIIT e MICT em outras variáveis relevantes.

Physical Activity Level And Physical Fitness Parameters In Physiotherapy Students

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) and health-related physical fitness are key indicators of health outcomes. Physiotherapy professional bodies are recognizing that physical activity and exercise are integral to professional practice and are core contributors to health along with reducing the risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. PA also improves emotion and stress control. Objective: The objectives of the study are to find the level of physical activity and compare physical fitness parameters in physiotherapy students by evaluating aerobic capacity, endurance and body composition in different levels of physical activity. Methods: An observational study was conducted on 100 male and female physiotherapy students aged 18-24 years using random sampling. Subjects having severe back pain, recent fractures were excluded. Students were divided into three groups low PA, moderate PA, high PA based on their Physical activity score evaluated using international physical activity questionnaire-short form (IPAQ). Aerobic capacity was measured by Queens college step test, endurance of trunk extensor muscles (TE) was found by Sorenson’s test and endurance of trunk flexor muscles (TF) by holding time of prone forearm plank position and body composition was calculated by Body mass index (BMI). Level of significance was kept at 5%. Results: Data of 100 students was analysed. Forty one students were in low activity group, Thirty four students were in moderate activity group and twenty five students were in high activity group. Mean Aerobic capacity was 42.94±8.31ml/min/kg, Trunk Flexor endurance was 63.62±25.65s, Trunk extensor endurance was 71.50±30.41s and BMI was 23.33±4.02kg/m2. Comparing means of 3 groups by Kruskal Wallis test, Aerobic capacity ᵪ2=51.019, p<0.001, TE endurance ᵪ2=23.644, p<0.001.TF endurance ᵪ2=15.832, p<0.001, BMI ᵪ2=2.869, p>0.05. Conclusion: Low to moderate level of physical activity was found among physiotherapy students. Physiotherapy students who were physically active in their routine life have better aerobic capacity, Trunk flexor endurance and Trunk extensor endurance and thus better physical fitness, compared to those with low levels of physical activity. The body mass Index was not significantly different in three groups.

Association among 2-min step test, functional level and diagnosis of dementia / Associação entre o nível de capacidade aeróbica e diagnóstico de demência

ABSTRACT: Aerobic capacity declines significantly throughout life, beginning at the age of 30 years and accelerating from 60 years, where a decline of 17% per decade is expected thereafter. Objective: To investigate the association between aerobic capacity and a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild AD or moderate AD in older adults, considering the risk classification of functional loss of the Step test. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 93 patients (age >60 years) were evaluated (Healthy=36; MCI=18, AD=39). The step test was used to assess aerobic capacity, while overall cognitive status was measured using the MMSE. The groups were divided according to the risk classifications of functional loss into below or above the standard cut-off point for aerobic capacity. Results: Subjects in the functional loss risk group were approximately ten to fourteen times more likely to be diagnosed with mild (OR:10.7; p=0.001) or moderate (OR.=14.7; p=0.002) AD than their fitter counterparts. Low aerobic fitness was also associated with the MCI condition (OR=4.5; p=0.05), but only after controlling for educational level, age and sex. In the overall sample (N=93), there was an association between aerobic capacity and MMSE performance (R2=0.35; p<0.001) after controlling for confounding variables. Conclusion: low aerobic capacity was associated with cognitive decline, and older adults at risk of functional loss on the STEP test had greater chance of being diagnosed with MCI or AD after controlling for age, sex and education.

RESUMO: A capacidade aeróbica diminui significativamente ao longo da vida, começando com a idade de 30 anos e acelerando a partir dos 60 anos, onde se prevê um declínio de 17% por década. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a capacidade aeróbica medida e o risco de desenvolvimento de comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL), DA leve e moderado em idosos, considerando as classificações de risco de perda funcional para o teste do STEP. Métodos: Nesse estudo de corte-transversal, foram avaliados 93 idosos (>60 anos) (saudáveis=36; CCL=18, DA=39). Para acessar a capacidade aeróbica foi utilizado o teste de STEP e o estado cognitivo global foi medido através do MEEM. Os grupos foram divididos em relação às classificações de risco de perda funcional em abaixo ou acima do ponto de corte padronizado para idosos. Resultados: Idosos incluídos no grupo de risco de perda funcional tinham aproximadamente dez a catorze vezes mais chances de serem diagnosticados com DA leve (O.R:10.7; p=0.001) e moderado (O.R.=14.7; p=0.002), do que os seus pares mais bem condicionados. Menores níveis de capacidade aeróbica também foram associados com o diagnostico de CCL (O.R=4.5; p=0.05), entretanto apenas após controle por idade, escolaridade e sexo. Na amostra total (N=93) houve uma associação entre a capacidade aeróbica e o MEEM (R2=0.35; p<0.001) depois de controlado pelas variáveis confundidoras. Conclusão: Idosos que se encontram dentro da classificação de risco de perda funcional medida através do teste de STEP possuem maiores chances de desenvolverem CCL, Alzheimer leve e moderado mesmo após controle por idade, sexo e escolaridade.

O efeito de quatro protocolos de treinamento de corrida no desempenho aeróbio de militares / The effect of four running training protocols in militaty's aerobic performance

Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do desempenho aeróbio em militares da Força Aérea Brasileira utilizando quatro protocolos de treinamento de corrida. A população foi constituída por 93 militares da Força Aérea Brasileira, em Pirassununga, no estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados utilizaram-se o teste de corrida de 12 minutos, a Escala de Percepção de Esforço (PSE) e um teste incremental. O treinamento proposto foi realizado por meio de grupos de treinamento de corrida em diferentes intensidades: Grupo de Treinamento de Alto Volume e Baixa Intensidade (GTAV), Grupo de Treinamento no ou perto do Limiar de Lactato (GTLAN), Grupo de Treinamento de Baixo Volume e Alta Intensidade de Treinamento Intervalado (GTIAI) e, Grupo de Treinamento Polarizado (GTP). O período do treinamento foi de seis semanas. Utilizou-se para análise estatística, o modelo de regressão linear com efeitos mistos, a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste t-Student pareado. Adotouse um nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes tinham idade de 18 a 19 anos e índice de massa corporal variando de 18,88 kg/m2 a 27,5 kg/m2 após o período de treinamento. Em relação a PSE, o GTIAI apresentou o maior valor médio total indicando que a média das sessões de treinamento foram classificadas como "muito difícil". No que se refere às variáveis relacionadas ao teste de corrida de 12 minutos, distância percorrida e velocidade média, na comparação após seis semanas de treinamento, todos os grupos apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). Em relação ao consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) absoluto, os quatro protocolos mostraram-se adequados para a melhora dessa variável (p<0,05). Os resultados de VO2máx relativo apresentaram padrão semelhante ao VO2máx absoluto (p<0,05), exceto para o GTAV. Nenhum protocolo de corrida mostrou-se adequado para melhorar a intensidade correspondente ao consumo máximo de oxigênio. Quanto a média de velocidade correspondente ao limiar aeróbio, encontrou-se resultados positivos para o GTIAI, o GTP e o GTAV. No entanto, apenas o GTLAN apresentou melhora estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). No que tange a velocidade correspondente ao limiar anaeróbio, encontrou-se aumento dos valores em todos os grupos. Destaca-se que o GTLAN e o GTP apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). Ao comparar a diferença nos resultados das variáveis distância percorrida e velocidade média, no teste de 12 minutos, após as seis semanas de treinamento, obteve-se que o efeito do treinamento no GTIAI foi superior ao do GTP (p<0,05). Para os outros grupos não houve diferença estatisticamente significante. Ao comparar a diferença dos resultados no teste incremental, após as seis semanas de treinamento, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os quatro protocolos de corrida. Conclui-se que não houve preponderância de um protocolo de treinamento de corrida sobre o outro, no que se refere a capacidade aeróbia. No entanto, o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade mostrou-se superior para melhorar os resultados no desempenho do teste de 12 minutos, quando comparado aos resultados após o período de treinamento

This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic performance in military Brazilian Air Force using four running training protocols. The population was constituted by 93 military of the Brazilian Air Force, in Pirassununga, in the state of São Paulo. For data the collection the 12-minute running test, the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and an incremental test was used. The proposed training was conducted by running training groups at different intensities: High Volume and Low Intensity Training Group (HVTG), Training Group at or near the Lactate Threshold (TGLT), Training Group of Low Volume and High Intensity Interval Training (TGHIIT) and Polarized Training Group (PTG). The training period was six weeks. For statistical analysis the linear regression model with mixed effects, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's paired t-test were used. It adopted a 5% significance level. The results showed that participants were aged 18 to 19 years and body mass index ranging from 18.88 kg/m2 to 27.5 kg/m2 after the training period. In relation to the RPE, the TGHIIT presented the highest average total value indicating the average of the training sessions were classified as "very difficult". With regard to variables related to the 12-minute running test, distance and average speed, in comparison after six weeks of training, all groups showed statistically significant improvement (p <0.05). In relation to the absolute maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), the four protocols proved to be adequate for the improvement of this variable (p <0.05). The results of relative VO2max presented similar pattern to absolute VO2max (p <0.05), except for the HVTG. No running protocol was adequate to improve the intensity corresponding to the maximum oxygen consumption. Concerning to average speed corresponding to the aerobic threshold, was found positive response for TGHIIT, PTG and HVTG. However, only the TGLT showed a statistically significant improvement (p <0.05). Regarding the velocity corresponding to the anaerobic threshold, this study revealed an increase of the values in all groups. It is noteworthy that the TGLT and PTG presented a statistically significant improvement (p <0.05). When comparing the difference in the results of the distance traveled and average speed variables, in the 12-minute running test, after six weeks of training, it was obtained that the training effect in TGHIIT was superior to PTG (p <0.05). For the other groups, there was no statistically significant difference. Comparing the difference of the results in the incremental test, after six weeks of training, there was no statistically significant difference between the four running protocols. It was concluded that there was no preponderance of one running training protocol over the other, as regards the aerobic capacity. However, high-intensity interval training was shown to be superior to improve the results in the 12-minute running test performance when compared to the results after the training period

The Influence of Maximal Aerobic Capacity on the Two Years Cardiac Related Re-Hospitalization in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Korean Society

PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of the maximal aerobic capacity on the two-year cardiac-related re-hospitalization in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in Korean society.METHODS: The maximal aerobic capacity of the study population (n=95, male 63%) was evaluated using a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing system. Each patient was followed up for two years to divide the HFrEF patients into two groups according to cardiac-related re-hospitalization: re-hospitalization (RH) group (n=29, 30%) and no re-hospitalization (NRH) group (n=66, 70%).RESULTS: The relative peak VO₂ (mL/kg/min, p<0.001), exercise duration (p<0.001), respiratory exchange ratio (VCO₂/VO₂, p=0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) reserve (p=0.004), heart rate (HR) reserve (p=0.007), SBP max (p=0.02), and HR max (p=0.039) were significantly lower in the RH group than the NRH group during the CPX test. On the other hand, the ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO₂ slope, p=0.02) and age (p=0.022) were significantly higher in the RH group than in the NRH group. In binary logistic regression analysis, the relative peak VO₂ (p=0.001, Wald Chi-square 10.137) was the strongest predictive factor on cardiac-related re-hospitalization, which was followed by VCO₂/VO₂ (p=0.019, Wald Chi-square 5.54). On the other hand, age (p=0.063, Wald Chi-square 3.445) did not have a significant influence on cardiac related re-hospitalization.CONCLUSION: The maximal aerobic capacity, especially the relative peak VO₂, is the strongest factor on cardiac-related re-hospitalization within two years in patients with HFrEF in Korean society.

Influence of Home Based Exercise Intensity on the Aerobic Capacity and 1 Year Re-Hospitalization Rate in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of home-based exercise intensity on the aerobic capacity and 1 year re-hospitalization rate in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Forty seven patients with CHF (males 33, females 14, age 61.3±9.8 years) participated in this study. The patients were allocated randomly to 3 groups in accordance with home-based exercise intensity: no home based exercise (NHE, 40%, n=19), moderate intensity home-based exercise (MIHE, 43%, n=20), and high intensity home based exercise (HIHE, 17%, n=8). All patients completed the symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test safely at the cardiac rehabilitation hospital. RESULTS: The NHE group significantly showed lower peak VO2 and a higher VE/VCO2 slope than the MIHE (p < 0.05) and HIHE (p < 0.01) groups. On the other hand, the NHE group did not show significant differences in the other hemodynamic responses, such as heart rate (HR) max, HR reserve, maximal systolic blood pressure (SBP), and SBP reserve. Nine out of 19 NHE patients (47%) were re-hospitalized related to heart disease and two out of 20 MIHE (10%) patients were re-hospitalized, but nobody in the HIHE group were re-hospitalized within 1 year from the CPX test. CONCLUSION: In patients with CHF, home-based self-exercise is one of the important factors for reducing the re-hospitalization rate. In addition, improved aerobic capacity is strongly associated with a lower re-hospitalization rate. In particular, re-hospitalized CHF patients showed significant differences in respiratory parameters and hemodynamic parameters compared to the non-re-hospitalized patients.

Cardiac protein expression patterns are associated with distinct inborn exercise capacity in non-selectively bred rats

In the present study, we successfully demonstrated for the first time the existence of cardiac proteomic differences between non-selectively bred rats with distinct intrinsic exercise capacities. A proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry was used to study the left ventricle (LV) tissue proteome of rats with distinct intrinsic exercise capacity. Low running performance (LRP) and high running performance (HRP) rats were categorized by a treadmill exercise test, according to distance run to exhaustion. The running capacity of HRPs was 3.5-fold greater than LRPs. Protein profiling revealed 29 differences between HRP and LRP rats (15 proteins were identified). We detected alterations in components involved in metabolism, antioxidant and stress response, microfibrillar and cytoskeletal proteins. Contractile proteins were upregulated in the LVs of HRP rats (α-myosin heavy chain-6, myosin light chain-1 and creatine kinase), whereas the LVs of LRP rats exhibited upregulation in proteins associated with stress response (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, α-crystallin B chain and HSPβ-2). In addition, the cytoskeletal proteins desmin and α-actin were upregulated in LRPs. Taken together, our results suggest that the increased contractile protein levels in HRP rats partly accounted for their improved exercise capacity, and that proteins considered risk factors to the development of cardiovascular disease were expressed in higher amounts in LRP animals.

Effects of isometric resistance training on blood pressure and physical fitness of men

Abstract AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the effects of whole body isometric resistance training (IRT) on blood pressure (BP), strength and aerobic fitness. We also analyzed whether the effects of whole body isometric training compares to whole body dynamic resistance training (DRT). METHODS Twenty-nine pre-hypertensive sedentary males, aged between 40 and 60 years were divided into three groups: IRT (n = 10), DRT (n = 9), and Control (n = 10). Both programs involved whole body resistance training, and occurred for 12 weeks, three times/week, at an intensity of 60% of a dynamic one repetition maximum test (1RM). Before and after 12 weeks, 24 hours blood pressure monitoring, 1RM strength and aerobic fitness were assessed. RESULTS IRT reduced diastolic BP values during a 24-hour period and daytime. There was also a decrease in mean BP values during daytime (P<0.05). No interaction between time and group in systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean BP, heart rate and arterial stiffness index were observed (P>0.05). IRT increased strength and aerobic fitness when compared to Control group. However, these changes were lower than DRT regarding strength (DRT: ∆ = 43.1±10.6% vs. IRT: ∆ = 24.1±7.1% vs. CON: Δ = 4.2±11.5%; P<0.05) and aerobic fitness (DRT: ∆ = 22.9±10.7% vs. IRT: ∆ = 12.9±6.1% vs. CON: Δ = -2.1±7.4%; P<0.01). CONCLUSION Whole body IRT reduced diastolic BP and mean BP, however, the decrease was not different for the DRT group. IRT also increased strength and aerobic fitness, nevertheless, these changes were lower than after DRT.

Apolipoprotein B and angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms and aerobic interval training: randomized controlled trial in coronary artery disease patients

Physical training has been strongly recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic polymorphisms have been studied to understand the biological variability in response to exercise among individuals. This study aimed to verify the possible influence of apolipoprotein B (ApoB: rs1042031 and rs693) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-ID: rs1799752) genotypes on the lipid profile and functional aerobic capacity, respectively, after an aerobic interval training (AIT) program in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. Sixty-six men were randomized and assigned to trained group (n=32) or control group (n=34). Cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed to determine the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) from cardiorespiratory variables. The AIT program, at an intensity equivalent to %VAT (70-110%), was conducted three times a week for 16 weeks. ApoB gene polymorphisms (−12669C>T (rs1042031) and −7673G>A (rs693)) were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene (rs1799752) was identified through PCR and fragment size analysis. After 16 weeks, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels increased in the trained and control groups with the GA+AA genotype (−7673G>A) of the ApoB gene. Trained groups with ACE-II and ACE-ID genotypes presented an increase in oxygen consumption (VO2VAT) and power output after the AIT program. The presence of the ACE I-allele was associated with increased aerobic functional capacity after the AIT program. Increased LDL levels were observed over time in patients with the −7673G>A polymorphism of the ApoB gene. Trial Registration Information: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02313831

Acute melatonin administration enhances aerobic tolerance: an analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters

Aims: This study is aimed at testing the acute melatonin administration (oral; 6 mg) on aerobic tolerance at cycloergometer and analyzing the consequences on biochemical and hematological parameters. Methods: The maximal aerobic capacity intensity (iMAC) at cycloergometer of eleven male healthy men (24.18±3.92 years-old; 87.07±12.48 kg; 1.82±0.05 m; 26.18±3.63 kg/m2; and 16.28±5.77 % of fat) was individually determined and used to perform a time to exhaustion (tlim) trial of 30 minutes after melatonin or placebo administration. We observed 48-72h interval between tests, performed in a double-blind experiment design. In order to determine hematological and biochemical parameters we collected venous blood samples before and after tlim. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results The intensity and the lactatemia corresponding to the maximal aerobic capacity were 120.88±18.78 W and 3.32±1.03 mmol.L-1, respectively. The tlim with placebo (33.94±15.26 min, confidence interval = 24.92 - 42.95) was significantly lower than the tlim with melatonin (41.94±17.22 min; CI = 31.76 - 52.12; p = 0.03; 19.06%; effect size = 0.49). All of the 21 analyzed blood physiological variables resulted in no significant variation after tlim when placebo was compared to melatonin, except for total sera cholesterol (lower after exercise with melatonin). Conclusion: Acute melatonin administration enhanced aerobic tolerance at iMAC in 19% at cycloergometer; however, the biochemical and hematological variables assessed were not significantly modulated.(AU)

Índice de massa corporal e desempenho cardiorrespiratório em militares / Índice de masa corporal y desempeño cardiorrespiratorio en militares / Index body mass and cardiorespiratory performance in militaries

Introdução: É necessário que os militares mantenham um condicionamento físico que os capacite ao desempenho de suas funções. Por questões de testes rotineiros e ou por detecção de estado de saúde, investigar parâmetros de condicionamento físico se faz necessário. Objetivo: Identificar se existe correlação entre o Índice de massa corporal e o desempenho de militares no teste de Cooper. Métodos: Pesquisa original do tipo descritiva por correlação entre dados, com corte transversal. A amostra foi composta por 32 policiais do serviço administrativo do Batalhão de Ações com Cães da Policia Militar do estado do Rio de Janeiro, voluntários, com 39,84±3,08 anos de idade, todos do sexo masculino. Foi feita a medição de massa corporal e estatura dos policiais, a fim de obter o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), além disso, foi aplicado testes de Cooper (12 minutos). Resultados: Os valores de IMC foram 27,02 ± 3,14 e Cooper 2479,06 ± 270,73m. Com a realização desses testes foi verificado correlação moderada entre ambos. A correlação foi feita através do coeficiente de Pearson que resultou r=-0,52 e um nível de significância de 0,002. Conclusão: Os policiais apresentaram maior frequência de sobrepeso, porém tal fator parece não influenciar no nível de aptidão física destes indivíduos, uma vez que a maior parte da amostra teve bom desempenho no teste de Cooper(AU)

Introducción: Es necesario que los militares mantengan un condicionamiento físico que los capacite para el desempeño de sus trabajos. Por motivos de pruebas rutinarias y / o por detección de estado de salud, investigar parámetros de acondicionamiento físico se hace necesario. Objetivo: identificar si existe una correlación entre el índice de masa corporal y el rendimiento militar en la prueba de Cooper. Métodos: estudio original de tipo descriptivo por correlación entre datos, con corte transversal. Se incluyeron 32 agentes hombres del Departamento Administrativo del batallón de acciones con los perros de la policía militar del estado de Río de Janeiro, con 39,84 ± 3,08 años de edad. Se encontró la altura y el peso de los sujetos para obtener el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), además, se aplicó la prueba de Cooper (12 minutos). Resultados: los valores de IMC fueron 27,02 ± 3,14 y Cooper 2479,06 ± 270,73m. Con la realización de estas pruebas se encontró correlación moderada entre ambos. La correlación se realizó mediante el coeficiente de Pearson r = -0,52 dado y un nivel de significación de 0,002. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los agentes de policía mostraron sobrepeso, pero este factor no influyó en el nivel de forma física de estas personas, ya que la mayoría de la muestra tuvo un buen rendimiento en la prueba de Cooper(AU)

Introduction: It is necessary for the military to maintain a physical condition that enables them to perform their jobs. For reasons of routine testing and / or detection of health status, investigating physical fitness parameters is necessary. Objective: This study aimed to Identify if there is a correlation between the index body mass and the cooper test and the performance of militaries in the cooper test. Methods: Original research of the descriptive type by correlation between data, with cross-section. The sample was composed for 32 policies of the administrative service of the Action's Battallion with dogs of the military police of the Rio de Janeiro state, with voluntaries with 39,84 ±3,08 years old, all of male. It was made the measurement of the corporal mass and the height of the policies to obtain the index body mass, and it was applied the cooper test (12 minutes). Results: The BMI values were 27.02 ± 3.14 and Cooper 2479.06 ± 270.73m. With the tests a moderate influence of BMI was observed in the outcome of the Cooper test. The correlation was made with the Pearson's coefficient that result r=-0,52 and a significance level of 0,002. Conclusions: The police had higher frequency of overweight, however this factor apparently not influence the physical aptitude of this men, once the bigger part of the sample had a good performance in the cooper test(AU)

Salud física y estrés en oficiales de seguridad de la Universidad de Costa Rica en el año 2014 / Physical health and stress in security officers of the University of Costa Rica in 2014

ResumenObjetivo:Existe escasa evidencia acerca de la aptitud física y la salud psicológica de los oficiales de seguridad universitarios. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la salud física y psicológica de los oficiales de seguridad de la Universidad de Costa Rica.Método:En el estudio participaron 26 hombres, cuyo promedio (M ± DE) de edad, peso, estatura e índice de masa corporal (IMC) fueron 42,0 ± 7,2 años, 87,3 ± 14.9 kg, 173,3 ± 5,4 cm, y 29,1 ± 4,7 kg/m2, respectivamente. Los participantes llenaron el cuestionario Job Stress Survey (JSS) y se les evaluó la densidad mineral ósea, % de grasa corporal, la capacidad aeróbica, fuerza muscular, resistencia muscular y flexibilidad.Resultados: Se encontraron puntajes bajos en el JSS (M = 14,8 ± 7,3 pts.), y correlaciones significativas (p < 0,05) entre la resistencia muscular y la capacidad aeróbica (r = 0,44), flexibilidad y capacidad aeróbica (r = 0,40) y densidad mineral ósea y fuerza muscular (r = 0,44).Discusión:En conclusión, los oficiales de seguridad de la Universidad de Costa Rica poseen bajo estrés laboral, y de acuerdo a las guías actuales del Colegio Americano de Medicina Deportiva se catalogan como personas con sobrepeso, con capacidad aeróbica y flexibilidad "pobre", fuerza muscular "promedio", aunque con una resistencia muscular "muy buena".

AbstractObjective: There is scarce evidence about the physical fitness and psychological health of university security officers. Therefore, the aim of the study was to describe the physical and psychological health of security officers from the University of Costa Rica.Method:Participants were 26 males, whose mean (M ± SD) age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were 42,0 ± 7,2 yr., 87,3 ± 14,9 kg, 173,3 ± 5,4 cm and 29,1 ± 4,7 kg/m2, respectively. Participants completed the Job Stress Survey (JSS) and were evaluated on bone mineral density, % body fat, aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility.Results:Low scores were found in the JSS (M = 14,8 ± 7,3 pts.), and significant correlations (p <0,05) between muscle strength and aerobic capacity (r = 0,44), flexibility and aerobic capacity (r = 0,40), and bone mineral density and muscle strength (r = 0,44).Discussion:In conclusion, security officers from the University of Costa Rica have low job stress, and according to the current American College of Sports Medicine guidelines are categorized as overweight, with "poor" aerobic capacity and flexibility, "average" muscle strength though with "very good" muscular endurance.